\documentstyle{article}
% for multicolumn 
%        \documentstyle[multicol]{article}
\input idevn.tex	% TeX macros that ease ITRANS devanagari font usage
%-----
% ITRANS song book....prepend this header to print out songs,
% using TeX (either Devnac or Devnag font)
% >>>>>>>> Need ITRANS 4.0 <<<<<<<<<
%-----

% User Configuration Option -- One column or Two column output.
%\def\maketwocolumn{YES}	% Uncomment this for 2-column printing
%\def\makelandscape{YES}	% Uncomment this for landscape format
\pagestyle{empty}
\def\EN#1{} % empty operator
\def\m+{\sBs{-0.30}{\char32}\kRn{-0.5}\sBs{0.50}{\char94}\ }
\def\bcksl{{\tt\char92}}
\newcommand{\SCOUNT}{\stepcounter{scounter}\arabic{scounter}}
\newcounter{scounter}
%\newcommand{\BCOUNT}{\stepcounter{bcounter}\arabic{bcounter}}
%\newcounter{bcounter}
%\newcommand{\CCOUNT}{\stepcounter{ccounter}\arabic{ccounter}}
%\newcounter{ccounter}
%\newcommand{\resetCCOUNT}{\setcounter{ccounter}{0}}
%\newcommand{\addline}{\medskip\hrule\medskip}
%\newcommand{\separate}{\medskip\hrule\medskip\setcounter{scounter}{0}}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Edit this if needed, default should be ok for most users.

\ifx\undefined\maketwocolumn
% --- One column output
%    \let\usedvng=\normaldvng	% 17pt devanagari font
    \let\usedvng=\LARGEdvng	% 17pt devanagari font
%     \let\usedvng=\Hugedvng	% ??pt devanagari font

    \let\smallcmr=\eightrm
    \let\titlefont=\tenrm
\else
% --- Two column output
    \let\usedvng=\normaldvng	% 10pt devanagri font 

    \let\smallcmr=\sixrm
    \let\titlefont=\eightrm
\fi

% font options (normaldvng, largedvng, etc):
% sizes: normal < large < Large < LARGE < huge < Huge

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% if needed, redefine "space" to allow each input line to be broken into
% multiple output lines (\let =~ is the default, which enforces line rule)
% That has to done in the idevn.tex file, or add this command after
% \startsong in your input file:
% {\global\let =\ }% Comment this out for: 1 input line --> 1 output line
% (you cannot uncomment the command here, it has to appear after \startsong)
%-----
% Uncomment one of the following paragraphs:
%    First one is for Frans Velthuis's font.
%    Second one uses the font that is bundled with the ITRANS package.
% ONLY one of these should be uncommented at any one time.............

% ** Frans's font....(Metafont) (Uncomment the following TWO lines.)
#indianifm=dvng.ifm  % ITRANS command
#indianfont=\fransdvng

%-----OR--------

% ** Devnac font (PostScript) (Uncomment the following TWO lines.)
% #indianifm=dvnc.ifm  % ITRANS command
% #indianfont=\postdvng

#useshortmarkers % this allows use of ## (beginindian) and  ## (endindian)
% -----------------------------------------------------------------
% Page Settings
\ifx\undefined\makelandscape
    % Use Portrait Size Page
    \portraitpage 
    % use a slightly wider page
    \addtolength{\textwidth}{0.25in}
\else
    % Use Landscape Size Page
    \landscapepage 
\fi
%    \setlength{\topmargin}{-1.25in} % real margin == this + 1in
%    \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-.75in} % real margin == this + 1in
%    \setlength{\evensidemargin}{-0.0in} % real margin == this + 1in
%    \setlength{\textwidth}{8.0in}
%    \setlength{\textheight}{10.75in}%


% -----------------------------------------------------------------
% The idevn.tex file is now included with ITRANS 4.0, but it has
% a new method of specifying the songtitle (using printtitle).
% For backward compatibility, need to define songtitle.
\def\songtitle#1#2#3#4{%
    \film{#1}\singer{#2}\lyrics{#3}\music{#4}\printtitle}

% -----------------------------------------------------------------
\font\titled=dvng10 scaled\magstep1
\raggedright    % since the words are long, this reduces the long
                % gaps that appear when TeX justifies the lines.
%\parskip 3 pt   % to slightly increase the space between the shlokas.

\parindent 0pt
\baselineskip=24pt
\begin{document}
% from startsong command:
\def\-{{\englfont -}}%
\def\.{{\englfont .}}%
\usedvng % use whatever font the user wants...default normaldvng
\englfont % usedvng makes default font indian, restore english font
% end from startsong command
%
\ifx\undefined\maketwocolumn
    \relax
\else
    \twocolumn[\centerline{##\titled R^igveda 1##}\bigskip]
\fi
%\hrule height0.4pt
% ----------------------- End of ishdr.itx ------------------------
%\obeylines
%\obeyspaces
%\obeyspaceslines
#indian
% for multicolumn 
%       ## \centerline{\titled } ##
%       \begin{multicols}{5} 
##
%begin-document

\centerline{\LARGE \bf ITRANS transliteration scheme:}
{\large
It is suggested , for encoding Sanskrit texts, to use one of the
ITRANS , CSX (Classical Sanskrit), or Velthuis' TeX based systems.
This will allow easy conversion to Devanagari (along with English)
printout.  If such a scheme is not followed, the manual conversion becomes
a time consuming, more than a person would spend learning a scheme
for typing the texts.  Here is the ITRANS scheme, which is more intuitive
pronunciation wise (but not from formal linguistic viewpoint??).

The ITRANS 4.0 transliteration scheme is

{\obeylines
\obeyspaces
\Large
\underline{vowels(svara):}

 a aa(A) i ii(I) u uu(U) R\^{}i R\^{}I L\^{}i L\^{}I e ai o au aM aH
##
 a aa(A) i ii(I) u uu(U) R^i R^I L^i L^I e ai o au aM aH
##

\underline{consonents(vya.njana):}

k kh g gh N\^{} ## k kh g gh N^##

ch chh j jh JN ## ch chh j jh JN##
T Th D Dh N ## T Th D Dh N##
t th d dh n ## t th d dh n##
p ph b bh m ## p ph b bh m##
y r l v sh shh s h L(Marathi) ksh(x) GY(Hindi) 
## y r l v sh shh s h L(maraaThii) ksh(x) GY(hindii)##

\medskip
q K G z f .D .Dh are the letters k, kh, g, j, ph, D, Dh with nuktaas for Urdu.
## q K G z f .D .Dh ##

Both \.n and M produce anusvaara, \.a avagraha, \.h halanta or viraama, 
(as in t\.h ## t.h##\ \, or sentence ending ma\-kaar m\.h ##m.h##\ \ ) H visarga .
Only a dot \. or a vertical line $|$ produce a da\.nDa . 
A backslash with a period (\bcksl\.) produces just a dot (puurNaviraama).  
a\.c and aa\.c produce ardhachandra as in cat and talk.
The vowels need to be added after each consonent, unless one wants joDaakshara.
No other letters (upper or lower cases) are allowed.
} % closure of \obeylines

\medskip
Enclose English text in two sets of \#\# signs (before and after the text.)
For other examples, see documents (commonerrors.txt itranshelp.txt etc.) on \\
OR contact Avinash Chopde at avinash@acm.org .

The scheme has its origin with Velthuis' transliteration rules, and
has departed to allow basis for pronunciation.  Selection of
Devanagari, Bengali, Telugu, Tamil, Gujarathi fonts is an added feature.

There are quite a few schemes developed for various users (and uses), and
there is no need to argue merits and demerits of them.  One of the objectives
will be to have the text printed in Devanagari, by standard affordable
means, and still be able to circulate easily, preferably in ascii,
or transform in different formats.  ITRANS suits that purpose very well.

} % End of \large
\medskip\hrule\medskip
%end-document
##
% ----
% send Sanskrit texts, hindi/marathi/bengali/gujarathi songs,
% corrections, etc to Avinash Chopde (avinash@acm.org)
% ----
#endindian
\end{document}